Étiquette : french

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A letter to my franglo-ontarian friends

To my English-speaking French friends,

Your names are Paquette, Lafleur, Lalonde, Belanger, Tremblay, Gauthier, Veilleux, Lemieux, Giroux. It might be hard to pronounce, or you might just pronounce it in English. Some of you may have two francophone parents, some of you only one, and some of you have never heard your parents utter a single word of French, despite their names being something like Jean-Pierre or Jacqueline.

You may have graduated from a French high school, you may have switched over to immersion, or you may have gone to an English school. Hell, you may even have a French college degree.

You may or may not know me, but you certainly know someone like me, probably with an accent aigu in their names, who actually spoke French in high school, brought French movies to watch in primary school, and likely tried to recruit you to go to some activity/concert/whatever in French, very often at the risk of social ridicule.

Some of you may have cousins like me, whom you make an extra effort to speak French to at Christmas. You may have had a childhood friend like me, who learned English from watching Power Rangers with you. You may even have dated people like me, only to feel awkward when meeting your in-laws and being forced to admit you can’t speak French very well.

I’m writing to you today as a well adjusted young man, an active member of the francophone community in Ontario. Since finishing high school, I’ve been involved with a variety of francophone organisations in the Sudbury area, and I’ve been trying, through various means, to find a way to make speaking French more normal for francophones in Ontario.

I spent 3 and a half years studying in Montreal, where – despite what alarmist politicians and die-hard hockey fans would have you believe – bilingualism is a normal, accepted, (controversial, still) every-day thing. I returned to Northern Ontario about two months ago, and got right back into my francophone involvement. I participated in the launch of this site, and my job as a college recruiter allowed me to travel throughout the North, speaking with francophone students about pursuing their education in French.

I say all of this because I want to ask you a question.

It’s a question that has been bothering me since I was little, since I understood that speaking French in the schoolyard was not the best way to make friends. I’ve wanted to ask you this question every time I hear things like “I’m French but I hate speaking it” or “French music sucks”. I’ve wanted to ask you even more since I found out that some anglophones in Montreal have more respect for the French language than many “francophones” from my hometown.

My question is this: do you even care? Do you even want to keep speaking French? Do you want people to fight for the right to have francophone nurses and doctors? Do you want people to keep taking significant financial risks by bringing  francophone artists over here? Do you want us to complain about the signage in a Caisse Populaire being in English?

Of course, faced with these kinds of questions, many of you will say that you understand the importance of the French language, that you wish you spoke it more, and that you will send your children to French school, so they won’t lose the French and so they can speak to their grandparents. 

So what’s the problem?

I want to know if you care that French schools are filled with kids who don’t really care about French. I want to know if you actually watch French TV, or press 2 for French service. I want to know if, when you go to Montreal for Spring Break or Osheaga or UFC, you speak French to your servers at the restaurant. Quite honestly, I didn’t always use French during my years in Montreal, nor do I today in Sudbury. But I do speak it regularly, in multiple contexts, and most importantly, I can appreciate the influence bilingualism has had on my identity.

I want to know if it is worth it for me and my like-minded friends to keep defending the place of French in this province, and in this country. I want to know if you’re behind us, or if you simply don’t care and are happy to get by in English without having to use French. An honest answer would, at the very least, be a weight off my back.

As francophone Ontarians, we have a double burden. Not only do we have to justify our use of the French language to our Ontarian landlords, but we have to justify our outlying presence to our Quebecker cousins, who quite often can’t take us seriously, despite being genuinely surprised and happy when they actually do meet someone from Ontario who speaks decent French. We are straddling Canada’s traditional two solitudes, and if anyone can help anglophones and francophones understand each other, it is us.

Let me be clear: I’m not blaming anyone. French is hard as fuck to learn when you have no reason to do so. Even the upper echelons of francophone decision-makers are at a loss for meaning, for purpose, and for solutions to our accelerating assimilation rates. I just want to know what you, my English-speaking Franco-Ontarian friends, think of this mess of an officially bilingual country we ended up in. I want to know if it’s still worth fighting for.

Image : Tongue by Alvaro Tapia

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Joe le taxi!

Blague à part, en cette soirée du mois de mars, mon chauffeur de taxi s’appelle Joe. D’abord, il me demande où je veux aller. Une adresse suivie de deux ou trois noms de rues afin de mieux lui expliquer le parcours. Soudain, sans en être conscient, ma prononciation de «Notre-Dame» me trahit.

“Man, I haven’t spoken a lick of French for who knows how long!”

Sortie du stationnement de Greyhound et l’attente. Entre la radio qui joue en sourdine, le tic-tac du clignotant et le bruit des essuie-glaces, un silence plutôt lourd s’installe entre nous comme cela se produit souvent entre deux inconnus qui se voient obligés de partager quelques moments de leurs petites existences respectives.

Calé sur la banquette arrière, je cherche (presque désespérément) un sujet de conversation. Les prévisions météo? (sujet trop banal!) Le hockey? (peut-être trop diviseur!) La politique? (trop risqué et/ou trop banal!)

Enfin, une voie se libère. Virage à gauche et en me fixant dans le rétroviseur, Joe met fin à mon angoisse, me demande ce que je viens faire à Sudbury. Je réponds que je suis un «gars d’la place». Immédiatement, je vois qu’il a compris et avec un sourire en coin, il enchaîne:

“I had a French girlfriend once, from the Valley, but that didn’t work out! She left me and Sudbury after a couple of years. Took our daughter with her and that was the end of that!”

Quelques phrases encore et à un feu rouge je découvre qu’il est né dans le quartier où nous nous trouvons — le Moulin à Fleur, que son père était mineur à l’INCO où il ne devait surtout pas parler français. “Back in the day, that type of thing wasn’t tolerated. No messin’ around! You could lose your job if the foreman heard you speak anything but English. It was the same for the Italians, the Polish… I guess times have changed!”

À la radio, on annonce les résultats sportifs. Défaite des Maple Leafs en prolongation. Quelques minutes plus tard, Joe me dépose chez moi. Au moment de lui remettre son argent, il me demande si je suis fan de Toronto. Sans hésiter, je réponds que j’ai toujours été partisan du Tricolore, “for better or for worse”.

“Well, there you go!” lance-t-il. “We have something in common. I guess it’s probably hereditary!”

Image: New York Taxi, Juri Romanov, Etsy

Publié le

A word to the students of collège Boréal

It’s my pleasure this morning to say a few words to the young men and women who are studying in this fine new college. I’ll say them in the language in which most of you seem more comfortable, judging from what I’ve heard in the halls and the cafeteria.

Yes sir, you see it coming and you’re right. The blame, the sermon, the self-righteous talking down. But before you tune me out, here’s something for you to hit me with. I admit that I’m in no position to blame you for something I was doing myself when I was your age. I grew up here in Sudbury, like many of you. And like most of you, English was the language I felt good with. English was the way to sound like a man without sounding like my parents or my teachers. So I spoke English to everyone, except when forced otherwise. That was the way to be myself. If I’m not mistaken, you are all speaking English right now for that same reason : to be yourselves. I remember the feeling. It’s such a strong one that you don’t feel even the least bit out of place when you walk around laughing and talking English in the halls of a French school.

Mais un jour, j’ai eu l’intuition de ce qui m’arrivait en vérité. J’étais loin de me donner ma propre personnalité, d’exercer ma liberté, d’avoir l’air confiant en parlant l’anglais. En vérité, je faisais docilement ce que la société voulait que je fasse. Je n’essayais pas d’être moi-même. J’essayais d’être comme tout le monde.

À l’époque, je faisais comme vous mes études postsecondaires. Je voyais vite venir le temps où j’allais devoir savoir qui j’étais vraiment, si je voulais trouver ma place et mon salaire. J’osais peut-être aussi rêver, un peu, de faire une différence dans mon petit coin de pays et d’aider à bâtir un monde meilleur. C’est là que j’ai commencé à voir mes parents canadiens-français d’un autre oeil. C’est là aussi que j’ai commencé à voir plus clairement l’histoire de mon peuple. La misère économique qui l’a poussé à émigrer dans le Nord ontarien. Les pressions qu’il a subies de partout pour abandonner le français. Les efforts qu’il a maintenus sans grand succès pendant cent ans pour donner à ses enfants au moins des écoles françaises, au moins ça. En fin de compte, j’ai compris d’où je venais. J’ai compris où je m’en allais. Et j’ai compris qu’en parlant tout le temps anglais, je tournais au ridicule un courage que j’étais encore loin d’avoir montré moi-même.

Students of collège Boréal, I suspect you feel uncomfortable hearing me speaking English to you so publicly, so officially, on French radio for all to hear. I’m doing it in the hope it might help you realize how out of place you sound speaking English in this building, of all places, after so many people worked so hard for so many years to make this beautiful, ultra-modern, high-tech French language college a reality, for you.

I know you can very well do without my respect or anyone else’s. After all, you are your own man, your own woman. You don’t need to be told what to think and how to behave. You’re living life on your own terms. That’s what I thought I was doing too, before I realized that I still had some growing up to do. I hope to meet some of you some day down the road. But I would have so much enjoyed meeting you now. I somehow had hoped that you would all be different than I was at your age.

Qui parle français en Ontario ? C’est triste à dire. Il y a de petits enfants, il y a des adultes, mais entre les deux, il n’y a pas de jeunesse. Celle qui fait du bruit. Celle qui fait du fun. Celle qui fait de la vie. Ça manque beaucoup. Ça pourrait être vous.

Le 3 octobre 1997. Depuis son ouverture en 1994, le collège Boréal avait occupé des locaux de fortune. Le matin de l’ouverture officielle de son nouveau campus, j’ai livré ce billet en ondes depuis le hall d’entrée, d’où CBON Bonjour diffusait une émission en direct. Un peu ironiquement, j’ai adapté ma langue et mon langage à mon public.

Ce texte fut publié dans le recueil de nouvelles De face et de billet, par Normand Renaud, aux éditions Prise de parole, 2002. Reproduit avec permission.

Publié le

La francophonie au Maine

Le Franco-américain? Qui est-il? Une espèce en voie de disparition dites-vous? Pourtant, il mérite tout de même qu’on s’intéresse à lui. Au 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, nombreux ont été ceux qui ont quitté le Québec (et par extension l’Acadie) pour la Nouvelle-Angleterre pour travailler dans les usines de textiles, notamment. En fait, de nos jours, il semblerait que près de la moitié de la population de cette région des États-Unis auraient des racines canadiennes-françaises quelconques.

Au Maine, près d’un tiers de la population déclare avoir des racines francophones et près de 7% de la population, surtout concentrée dans trois régions : le nord, le centre et le sud, parlent toujours le français à domicile. De son côté, le comté d’Aroostook compte même plusieurs communautés majoritairement francophones. Fait intéressant, car en 2014, le comté sera l’un des trois hôtes du prochain Congrès mondial acadien qui se tiendra également dans le Madawaska (Nouveau-Brunswick) et le Témiscouata (Québec).

Jason Parent est un fier francophone de cette région. Il est également président du comité organisateur du

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Maine pour cet événement. J’ai profité de cette occasion pour en savoir davantage sur cette communauté francophone méconnue. Quoique parfaitement bilingue, l’entretien suivant est en anglais pour la simple raison que M. Parent affirme avoir plus de facilité à s’exprimer en anglais à l’écrit (l’entretien a eu lieu par courriel).

Briefly, could you paint me a portrait of the present situation of the francophone population in Aroostook County (and the state of Maine).

Maine has the second highest percentage of French Americans in the U.S. Only New Hampshire has a higher percentage of French Americans. In Aroostook County (particularly the St. John Valley region of Aroostook County) many Acadians still speak French at home. See the percentage of French speaking people as cited below in some of the larger communities in the St. John Valley:

Madawaska, Maine (pop. 4,534) – 84% French-speaking

Fort Kent, Maine (pop. 4,233) – 61% French-speaking

Van Buren, Maine (pop. 2,631) – 79% French-speaking

Frenchville, Maine (pop. 1,225) – 80% French-speaking

Eagle Lake, Maine (pop. 815) – 50% French-speaking

St. Agatha, Maine (pop. 802) – 80% French-speaking

St. Francis, Maine (pop. 577) – 61% French-speaking

Grand Isle, Maine (pop. 518) – 76% French-speaking

Saint John Plantation, Maine (pop. 282) – 60% French-speaking

Hamlin, Maine (pop. 257) – 57% French-speaking

The French that is spoken in many of the homes in the St. John Valley is an old world French that is most often mixed with English in the same sentence. For example it would be uncommon for someone in the Valley to refer to a computer by its French term ordinateur – rather the person speaking would likely say the word computer in the middle of an otherwise French sentence.

How has the situation evolved over the years?

The history of a supportive climate for speaking French in Maine has swung from extreme to extreme over the generations and has somewhat settled in a lukewarm place. In the early part of the last century, Maine had the highest percentage of people registered as members of the Klu Klux Klan in the United States. Unlike in the south where the KKK was forwarding an anti-African American agenda, in Maine the KKK was positioned against the French and Catholics. In the middle part of the last century laws were passed by the state prohibiting the speaking of French in schools. If mobile casino French was heard on the playground, students in my parent »s generation were punished for speaking the language and required to write repeatedly on the chalkboard « I will not speak French at school. »

In the 1990″s a revival of sorts happened as a successful grant was written to the Federal Government Department of Education to introduce a new French Immersion Program into schools in the St. John Valley. The immediate results were mixed as not all school districts in the Valley signed on with the project. The schools (particularly those in the western part of the Valley) that didn »t take advantage of the program didn »t do so largely because the damage had already been done by nearly a century of discrimination of the French people. For some, the French Heritage was not something you ran up the flagpole – rather many families chose to hide their ancestry by anglicizing their last name. For example some Roys became Kings, Levesques became Bishops, LeBlancs became Whites, etc. Unfortunately, funding for the project ran out within the last decade. Without funding, the French immersion project is far less effective and has all but disappeared in some of the schools.

Are the younger generations still speaking it?

There is a bubble of youth in the communities that engaged in the French Immersion Program that do speak French quite well. Otherwise, you do hear French spoken by the younger generation on occasion. Much like their parents and grandparents, the French is a unique Valley Franglais.

Do they still have close connections to their heritage?

The coming of the World Acadian Congress has provided a resurgence of sorts for the Acadian Heritage in northern Maine. The youth have a very keen understanding of what it means to be Acadian. They don »t feel that speaking French is a litmus test for being Acadian. They understand that geopolitical decisions, made long before they were even imagined, have dictated the current situation with the erosion of the French language in our region.

Are the older generations still passing it down?

Yes, especially the grandparents. What is particularly heartwarming is that they are passing down the unique local French spoken here to their grandchildren. The youth hear the difference from the more formal French they are learning in school. It sparks an interesting dual learning opportunity and cross cultural experience of sorts.

How often could a visitor hear the french language in public spaces?

Everyday and at all times. It is very dominant in the St. John Valley. What one should expect to hear is that Franglais I noted — a unique blend of French and English that is seamless within the same sentence and seemingly understood by all.

Theoretically, would it be possible to live only in french in certain communities?

Yes. Some more elderly members of the community do live and speak only in French. Government and social agencies have hired personnel accordingly to interface with such citizens in the St. John Valley.

Do you believe that the World Acadian Congress will help advance the situation?

Most certainly. I have always been a believer that economic incentives are the only true motivational force. The St. John Valley has never in my lifetime had such a tremendous opportunity to realize such tremendous economic windfall on the basis of our culture and language. I spoke only French at home before I was enrolled in grade school. From that point forward English became my dominant language because the world around me dictated it be.

From my perspective, cultural and linguistic enlightenment, much like enlightenment on issues pertaining to conservation and the environment, are only realized altruistically by a few « die hards » who really believe in the cause above all else. For the rest, it is not truly embraced until it makes sense to their pocketbook or will benefit their immediate situation. When Maine added a return deposit for beverage containers, nearly the entire population separated its bottles and cans and now bring them religiously to their local redemption center. Had that not been instituted you can bet that the percentage of those recycling would be negligible today. I believe the Congres Mondial Acadien will be the bottle deposit bill for the Acadian Culture and French Language in our region. Like the bottles and cans, our culture its about to find its way to redemption!

What are some of your hopes?

My greatest hope is that we not only save and bolster our French – but renew a pride and confidence in our Brand of French. That we take this opportunity when the Acadian and French World comes to our doorstep to understand and demonstrate that we are just as good as our fellow French speakers around the world. I also hope that our participation as one of the three regions in the International territory of Acadian of the Lands and Forests brings light to the fact that not speaking French is not a disqualifier to being Acadian. There are some people that live in the Valley and other Acadians in Maine and around the United States that don »t speak

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French largely because of the hand that history has dealt them. In all that we do to bring the Acadian Congress to our region, we want for our event in 2014 to say to the World that you are not ex-communicated from the family if you don »t speak French. Our history with the dominant English speaking population in Maine and the efforts to strip us of our pride as citizens of our own state and country because we were different dictates that we understand and have learned that the stick approach is wrong and the carrot approach is much more effective.

And finally, why should one be interested in learning about the history of the francophone population in Aroostook county?

Fundamentally because it is so unique. It is a story defined by triumph over repeated tragedy. The mere fact that we exist as we do today is testament to the spirit of our people. The history of the Acadians in Maine »s St. John Valley is marked with one upheaval after another. From the deportation from Acadie and subsequent migrant people that again lost their homes in present day Fredericton to the separating of families and a people into two different countries after the Bloodless Aroostook War to the hostilities afforded French speakers in Maine in the last century – it is amazing that we are here to tell the story. Moreover, it is exciting that the center of the Acadian universe will be here in just two short years!

Lecture recommandée

Voyages: A Maine Franco-American Reader

Photo: Souper à la résidence de Monsieur J.H. Dubé, fermier de patates, Wallagrass, Maine.
Photographe: Jack Delano, Octobre 1940, National Library of Congress